Locoregional nodal recurrence of urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder or upper
tract can occur after definitive surgical management as the solitary site of metastasis.
This may be related to the extent of the lymphadenectomy done at the time of the initial
surgical extirpation of the cancer. Historically, lymph node dissection has been the
mainstay of treatment for nodal recurrence of urothelial cancer when it occurs in
the retroperitoneal area even in the setting of previously dissected retroperitoneal
lymph nodes and typically after chemotherapy. Chemotherapy alone may be utilized,
resulting in major responses, including complete responses, but these typically are
not durable over time without surgical consolidation.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Clinical Genitourinary CancerAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Management of metastatic urothelial cancer: the role of surgery as an adjunct to chemotherapy.Can Urol Assoc J. 2009; 3: S228-S231
- Is there a therapeutic role for post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder?.J Urol. 2003; 169: 2113-2117
- Pattern of failure and survival of patients with metastatic urothelial tumors relapsing after cis-platinum-based chemotherapy.J Urol. 1994; 151 (discussion: 600-1): 598-600
- Impact of multimodal treatment on survival in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer.Eur Urol. 2007; 52: 1106-1113
- Impact of surgical resection of bladder cancer metastases refractory to systemic therapy on performance score: a phase II trial.Urology. 2001; 57: 55-59
- Outcome of postchemotherapy surgery after treatment with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in patients with unresectable or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma.J Clin Oncol. 1999; 17: 2546-2552
- Is there a role for surgery in the management of metastatic urothelial cancer? The M.D. Anderson experience.J Urol. 2004; 171: 145-148
- Surgery for metastatic urothelial carcinoma with curative intent: the German experience (AUO AB 30/05).Eur Urol. 2009; 55: 1293-1299
- Risk factors for patients with pelvic lymph node metastases following radical cystectomy with en bloc pelvic lymphadenectomy: concept of lymph node density.J Urol. 2003; 170: 35-41
- Radical cystectomy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: long-term results in 1,054 patients.J Clin Oncol. 2001; 19: 666
- The rationale for en bloc pelvic lymph node dissection for bladder cancer patients with nodal metastases: long-term results.J Urol. 1993; 149: 753
- Lymph node-positive bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy and lymphadenectomy: effect of the level of node positivity.Eur Urol. 2012; 61: 1025-1030
- Patterns of local recurrence after radical cystectomy in a contemporary series of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer.World J Urol. 2012; 30: 821-826
- Late oncological occurences following radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer.Eur Urol. 2003; 43: 489-494
- Local recurrence after radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer: an analysis of predictive factors.Urology. 2004; 64: 744-748
- Radical cystectomy and extended pelvic lymphadenectomy: survival of patients with lymph node metastasis above the bifurcation of the common iliac vessels treated with surgery only.J Urol. 2007; 178 (discussion: 1223-4): 1218-1223
- Super extended versus extended pelvic lymph node dissection in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a comparative study.J Urol. 2011; 186: 1261-1268
- Integrating metastasectomy in the management of advanced urological malignancies—where are we in 2005?.J Urol. 2006; 176: 1921-1926
- Combined radiation and chemotherapy for invasive transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder: a prospective study.J Clin Oncol. 1993; 11: 2150-2157
- Radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer.N Engl J Med. 2012; 366: 1477-1488
- Words of wisdom. Re: Radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Eur Urol. 2013; 63: 181-182
- The initial results in muscle-invading bladder cancer of RTOG 95-06: phase I/II trial of transurethral surgery plus radiation therapy with concurrent cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil followed by selective bladder preservation or cystectomy depending on the initial response.Oncologist. 2000; 5: 471-476
- Phase I-II RTOG study (99–06) of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing transurethral surgery, paclitaxel, cisplatin, and twice daily radiotherapy followed by selective bladder preservation or radical cystectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy.Urology. 2009; 73: 833-837
- Transurethral surgery and twice-daily radiation plus paclitaxel-cisplatin or fluorouracil-cisplatin with selective bladder preservation and adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (RTOG 0233): a randomised multicentre phase 2 trial.Lancet Oncol. 2013; 14: 863-872
- Receipt of aggressive therapies for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: results from the national cancer data base.J Clin Oncol. 2012; 30 (abstract 272)
- Selective bladder preservation by combined modality protocol treatment: long-term outcomes of 190 patients with invasive bladder cancer.Urology. 2002; 60: 62
- Combined-modality treatment and selective organ preservation in invasive bladder cancer: long-term results.J Clin Oncol. 2002; 20: 3061
- Concurrent ipilimumab and radiotherapy in patients with metastatic melanoma: a retrospective analysis.J Clin Oncol. 2015; 33 ([Abstract]) (abstract e20048): 5s
- Tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells infiltrating the tumor express high levels of PD-1 and are functionally impaired.Blood. 2009; 114: 1537-1544
- Control of peripheral T-cell tolerance and autoimmunity via the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways.Immunol Rev. 2008; 224: 166-182
- Molecular pathways: next-generation immunotherapy–inhibiting programmed death-ligand 1 and programmed death-1.Clin Cancer Res. 2012; 18: 6580-6587
Kear S. FDA grants breakthrough therapy designation to MPDL3280A for bladder cancer. TargetedOnc website. Available at: http://www.targetedonc.com/conference/immunotherapy-news-asco-2014/fda-grants-breakthrough-therapydesignation-to-mpdl3280a-for-bladder-cancer/1#sthash. Published June 1, 2014. Accessed November 19, 2014.
- Inhibition of PDL1 by MPDL3280A leads to clinical activity in pts with metastatic urothelial bladder cancer (UBC).Ann Oncol. 2014; 25 (Abstract 8080): iv280-iv304
- Programmed death-1 ligand 1 interacts specifically with the B7-1 costimulatory molecule to inhibit T cell responses.Immunity. 2007; 27: 111-122
A study of MPDL3280A in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial bladder cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov website. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02108652?term=NCT02108652&rank=1. Accessed November 19, 2014.
- A phase 1b study of pembrolizumab (Pembro; MK-3475) in patients (pts) with advanced urothelial tract cancer.Ann Oncol. 2014; 25 (abstract LBA23): 1-41
Study of pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in participants with advanced solid tumors (MK-3475-012/KEYNOTE-012). ClinicalTrials.gov website. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01848834. Accessed November 19, 2014.
Verbal communication with PI of concurrent RT with anti PDL-1 inhibitor followed by anti-PDL-1 inhibitor- Dr. M. Joshi) (unpublished data).
Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 21, 2016
Accepted:
January 16,
2016
Received in revised form:
January 13,
2016
Received:
October 15,
2015
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
