Abstract
Introduction
To systematically analyze the outcomes and prognostic value of gene methylation and
clinical parameters in non–muscle-invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma (NMIUTUC)
after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).
Patients and Methods
The methylation status of 10 selected genes and clinical parameters of 192 NMIUTUC
patients who received RNU and postoperative intravesical mitomycin were assessed.
Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were performed to evaluate the prognostic
factors of cancer-specific mortality and intravesical recurrence.
Results
For 192 NMIUTUC patients, 1-, 3-, and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS)/bladder
recurrence-free survival (BRFS) rates were 98.4%/86.4%, 90.6%/74.6%, and 86.9%/62.4%,
respectively. After the multivariate analysis, the methylation of ABCC6 (hazard ratio [HR], 3.46, P = .005), GDF15 (HR, 2.03, P = .002), multiple tumors (HR, 2.11, P = .049), impaired renal function (HR, 3.09, P = .004), and open RNU (HR, 2.14, P = .047) were independently associated with cancer-specific mortality, whereas the
methylation of GDF15 (HR, 0.55, P = .022), RASSF1A (HR, 0.31, P = .006), multiple tumors (HR, 2.11, P = .002), and concomitant ipsilateral hydronephrosis (HR, 1.87, P = .022) were independently associated with intravesical recurrence after RNU. The
c index of the multivariate model to predict cancer-specific mortality and intravesical
recurrence was 0.81 and 0.78, respectively.
Conclusion
As an early stage disease, NMIUTUC has better postoperative survival and later intravesical
recurrence than upper tract urothelial carcinoma; however, the intravesical recurrence
rate is not decreased. The nomogram can be used to accurately predict the oncologic
outcomes of NMIUTUC patients and can be used to guide clinical decision making.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 24, 2016
Accepted:
February 14,
2016
Received in revised form:
January 27,
2016
Received:
October 19,
2015
Footnotes
The first 2 authors contributed equally to this article, and both should be considered first author.
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
