The incidence of upper tract recurrence is as high as 6% in patients who undergo radical
cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma. Upper tract surveillance after radical
cystectomy can be challenging because of the difficult interpretation of urine cytology
and the limited radiographic tools available.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 27, 2016
Accepted:
February 14,
2016
Received in revised form:
February 4,
2016
Received:
November 23,
2015
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
